Publications

Publication-filter
Publication-search

Russian flag refuge: 107 vessels join the Russian flag registry since January 2025

As sanctioning countries have actively responded to ‘shadow’ vessel threats, Russia has stepped up, adding vessels directly to the Russian flag registry. Since January 2025, …

Five years on: China seeds overseas renewables growth but coal ban gaps persist

September 2026 marks five years since Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged that “China will step up support for other developing countries in developing green and …

The hidden cost of coal-to-liquids in South Africa: Health impacts of air pollution from Sasol Secunda

On International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies 2026, CREA published its health impact assessment (HIA) looking at the economic and health impacts of …

Mapping the invisible: A satellite reveal of Indonesia’s NOx hotspots

🇮🇩 Versi Bahasa Indonesia tersedia di bawah By utilising advanced, top-down satellite remote sensing to bridge a critically sparse public ground-monitoring network, CREA has identified …

Built for backup, contracted to run: China’s coal support system risks crowding out clean power

China entered the 15th Five-Year Plan period with the back end of its coal power pipeline still delivering substantial new capacity, even as policies began …

Exempted but emitting: The largest SO2 sources around Delhi NCR continue operating without control technology

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a toxic gaseous pollutant, is crucial to control at the source because once in the atmosphere it is converted into secondary pollutants, …

Indonesia’s aluminium downstream: Following nickel into a captive coal boom

🇮🇩 Versi Bahasa Indonesia tersedia di bawah Indonesia’s rapid bauxite and aluminium expansion — driven by Chinese capital escaping domestic production caps — risks turning …

Unmasked: The health and economic cost of delaying coal phase-out in South Africa

In 2025, the South African Department for Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) released a new Integrated Resources Plan that continues and formalises plans to extend …

Indonesia’s nickel: Aimed at EVs, but still parked in stainless steel

The nation’s battery-grade production surges to catch on the EV race, even as global demand pivots toward nickel-free alternatives 🇮🇩 Versi Bahasa Indonesia tersedia di …

Reclaiming credibility in China’s steel industry: Climate ambition, financial resilience, and market trust

China’s steel industry stands at a critical juncture. As the world’s largest producer and exporter of steel, the sector plays a central role in both …

Coal in Candiota: Health impacts of a coal mining and power generation cluster in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

🇧🇷 A versão em português está disponível abaixo In the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul sits the rural municipality of Candiota. Far …

Clean chips, clear air: Public health impacts from electronics industry electricity consumption in Taiwan

Taiwan has long been a central hub in the global electronics and semiconductor industry. According to a Trendforce report, four of the world’s top ten …

Air quality, health, and economic impacts of SAIL Bokaro steel plant in India

CORRIGENDUM, 27 February 2026 – In the initial report published on 26 February 2026, the following sentence on page six of the introduction stated that, …

Fourth year of full-scale invasion: Russian fossil fuel revenues tank to 27% below pre-invasion levels

Despite Russia’s reliance on sanctioned ‘shadow’ tankers, crude export volumes 6% above pre-invasion This year marks four years since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of …

Built to peak: Coal power expansion runs out of room in China

In 2025, China’s new and reactivated coal power project proposals surged to a record high, while capacity additions that came online reached the highest annual …

EU fossil fuel imports and CO2 emissions in 2025: Dependence continues as U.S. becomes largest supplier

Even as the European Union (EU) has scrambled to reduce Russian fossil fuel imports and ensure energy security following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in …

Out of sight, out of control: 31 GW of captive coal is jeopardizing Indonesia’s economic and emissions goals

🇮🇩 Versi Bahasa Indonesia tersedia di bawah This briefing is the third in a series of joint reports between the Centre for Research on Energy …

Tracing the Hazy Air 2026: Progress Report on National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) 

The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) was launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) in January 2019 with the objective of …

India power sector review 2025: Record clean energy deployment drives historic decline in coal generation

India’s power sector is experiencing rapid change as renewable energy deployment accelerates year after year. India added 41 GW of renewable energy in the first …

Secondary particulate matter is a core driver of dangerous PM2.5 in India

India’s air quality management has historically focused on PM10, with limited attention to PM2.5 and almost none to the secondary particulate fraction that forms through …

China’s Climate Transition: Outlook 2025

In 2025, China’s energy and emission trends moved closer to the pathways aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise: …

Flags of inconvenience: 113 vessels flying a false flag transported EUR 4.7 bn Russian oil  in first three quarters of 2025

Every vessel sailing open seas is required to fly a flag that provides it with legal jurisdiction for its operations in international waters. Yet, Article …

Beyond city limits: A satellite-based PM2.5 assessment across India’s airsheds, states, and districts

India’s air quality management needs comprehensive pollution data that includes rural, peri-urban, and smaller cities, not just large metropolitan areas. Satellite-based PM2.5 monitoring provides consistent, …

Enhancing Zhejiang’s coal power portfolio flexibility: the economic and climate gains

Zhejiang, one of China’s most developed provinces, faces rapidly growing electricity demand, with peak demand rising from 120 GW in 2024 to 135 GW in …

No clear plan to rein in coal: CREA’s response to Indonesia’s JETP Progress Report 2025

 🇮🇩 Versi Bahasa Indonesia tersedia di bawah On 24 October 2025, the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) Secretariat for Indonesia released the JETP Progress Report …

The hidden cost of gas: Toxic emissions from Thailand’s power sector

CORRIGENDUM, 9 April 2026 – On page 9 of this briefing, one sentence in the initial version incorrectly reported the estimated emissions from planned gas …

123…8 Next
Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), 2026