China energy and emissions trends: December 2025 snapshot

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By Qi Qin, China Analyst; Chengcheng Qiu, China Analyst; Danny Hartono, Data Scientist; with contributions from Lauri Myllyvirta, Lead Analyst

CO2 emissions from China’s three largest emitting sectors—power, steel, cement—almost certain to fall in 2025; highest PM2.5 in Northeast China

China energy and emission trends: December 2025 snapshot

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Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), 2025